Question words
Question words are the foundation for getting by in Bulgarian. The Cyrillic word is on the left, followed by pronunciation and the German translation.
Bulgarian has three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. The question word must match the noun being asked about:
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masculine (m): mostly nouns ending in a consonant or -й → кой?, какъв?, чий?
Кой е мъжът? (Koy e mazhat?) – Who is the man? -
feminine (f): mostly nouns ending in -а or -я → коя?, каква?, чия?
Коя е жената? (Koya e zhenata?) – Who is the woman? -
neuter (n): mostly nouns ending in -о or -е → кое?, какво?, чие?
Кое е детето? (Koe e deteto?) – Which is the child? -
Plural (Pl): for several things or people → кои?, какви?, чии?
Кои са децата? (Koi sa detsata?) – Who are the children?
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Verbs
The most important everyday verbs in the first-person form (present tense). Bulgarian verbs have no infinitive as in German – therefore the form for „I …“ is shown directly.
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Prepositions & useful words
The most important relation words. They stand before nouns and indicate place, direction, time or possession. Below you also find common conjunctions and small words that are constantly used in everyday life.
Not all entries in this list are prepositions. The Note column shows which part of speech they are:
- Preposition: stands before a noun (e.g. в, на, без)
- Conjunction: connects sentences or words (e.g. и, или, но)
- Particle: small word for negation or emphasis (e.g. не, само)
- Adverb: describes circumstances like time, place or amount (e.g. сега, тук, много)
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Pronouns
The most important personal pronouns in the nominative. вие is used both for „you“ (plural) and „you“ (polite form) – there is no separate polite singular as in German.
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Nouns
The most important everyday nouns – from family and home to food, transport and time. The note column shows the gender: m, f, n or Pl.
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Adjectives
The most important adjectives in the masculine form. Bulgarian adjectives adapt to gender and number – the note column shows the feminine and neuter forms.
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Numbers
The most important cardinal numbers from 0 to 1,000,000. For 1 and 2 there are different forms for masculine, feminine and neuter.
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🔢 Ordinal numbers
Ordinal numbers are formed in Bulgarian like adjectives and adapt to gender and number. Here are the masculine, feminine and neuter forms.
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Time
Weekdays, months, seasons and the most important words for talking about time.
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Colors & Clothing
Basic colors and important clothing items. Color adjectives adapt to gender and number in Bulgarian – the note column shows the most important forms.
🎨 Colors
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👕 Clothing
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Phrases
Idioms and short sentences that constantly come up in everyday life — from „No problem“ to „My God“. Especially useful for sounding more natural.
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Grammar
The most important terms and basic rules for tenses in Bulgarian. Bulgarian forms past and future in its own way – here are the basics.
Bulgarian has several past tenses. The difference often lies in whether an action was completed once or continuous/repeated:
- Aorist: one-time, completed action. Ядох ябълка. (Yadoh yabalka.) – I ate an apple.
- Imperfect: continuous or regular action in the past. Ядях ябълки всеки ден. (Yadyah yabalki vseki den.) – I ate apples every day.
- Perfect: compound of съм (am) + participle, usually with reference to the present. Съм ял ябълка. (Sam yal yabalka.) – I have eaten an apple.
The future is usually formed with the particle ще before the verb – similar to „werden“ in German, but much simpler:
- Future with ще: Аз ще ям ябълка. (Az shte yam yabalka.) – I will eat an apple.
- Negation: няма да + verb. Няма да ям. (Nyama da yam.) – I will not eat.
📘 Important terms
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Possessive pronouns indicate possession: my, your, his … In Bulgarian they adapt to the gender and number of the associated noun, like adjectives.
- Example masculine: Това е моят приятел. (Tova e moyat priyatel.) – This is my friend.
- Example feminine: Това е моята сестра. (Tova e moyata sestra.) – This is my sister.
- Example neuter: Това е моето кафе. (Tova e moeto kafe.) – This is my coffee.
- Example plural: Това са моите приятели. (Tova sa moite priyateli.) – These are my friends.
📗 Overview possessive pronouns
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Sentences
A few basic rules and typical patterns to quickly form your first Bulgarian sentences.
- Word order: Usually subject – verb – object (SVO), as in German.
- No infinitive: Verbs are conjugated directly. You do not say „to go“ but „аз ходя“ (I go).
- Negation: не stands directly before the verb: Не разбирам. (I do not understand.)
- Yes/No questions: Simply raise the intonation or put ли after the first word: Разбираш ли? (Do you understand?)
- Definite article: It is attached as a suffix to the noun:
мъж → мъжът (der Mann), жена → жената (die Frau), дете → детето (das Kind).
🔤 Typical sentence patterns
1. Ich bin / Ich komme aus …
Аз съм от Германия.
Az sam ot Germaniya.
I am from Germany.
2. Hier ist …
Тук е хубаво.
Tuk e hubavo.
It is nice here.
3. Ich spreche / verstehe …
Говоря български малко.
Govorya bulgarski malko.
I speak a little Bulgarian.
Не разбирам добре.
Ne razbiram dobre.
I do not understand well.
4. W-Fragen
Как си?
Kak si?
How are you?
Какво правиш?
Kakvo pravish?
What are you doing?
Къде си?
Kade si?
Where are you?
5. Kosten & Mengen
Колко струва?
Kolko struva?
How much does it cost?
Искам едно кафе.
Iskam edno kafe.
I would like a coffee.
6. Bitte & Danke
Моля, повтори!
Molya, povtori!
Please repeat!
Благодаря, разбирам.
Blagodarya, razbiram.
Thanks, I understand.
7. Was ist das? / Wer ist das?
Кое е това?
Koe e tova?
What is that?
Кой е той?
Koy e toy?
Who is he?
💬 Dialogues
Short everyday dialogues for repeating and speaking along.
1. Greeting
A: Здравей! (Zdravey!) — Hello!
B: Здравей! Как си? (Zdravey! Kak si?) — Hello! How are you?
A: Добре съм, благодаря. (Dobre sam, blagodarya.) — I am fine, thanks.
B: Радвам се. (Radvam se.) — I am glad.
2. Ordering coffee
A: Добър ден! (Dobar den!) — Good day!
B: Добър ден! Какво желаете? (Dobar den! Kakvo zhelaete?) — Good day! What would you like?
A: Едно кафе, моля. (Edno kafe, molya.) — A coffee, please.
B: Захар или мляко? (Zahar ili mlyako?) — Sugar or milk?
A: С малко мляко. (S malko mlyako.) — With some milk.
B: Моля, заповядайте. (Molya, zapovyadayte.) — Please, here you are.
3. Asking the price
A: Колко струва? (Kolko struva?) — How much does it cost?
B: Пет лева. (Pet leva.) — Five leva.
A: Ето, заповядайте. (Eto, zapovyadayte.) — Here you are.
B: Благодаря. (Blagodarya.) — Thank you.
4. Asking for directions
A: Извинете, къде е гарата? (Izvinete, kade e garata?) — Excuse me, where is the train station?
B: Направо и след това наляво. (Naprayavo i sled tova nalyavo.) — Straight ahead and then left.
A: Благодаря много. (Blagodarya mnogo.) — Thank you very much.
B: Няма защо. (Nyama zashto.) — You are welcome.
5. Introducing yourself
A: Как се казваш? (Kak se kazvash?) — What is your name?
B: Казвам се Мария. А ти? (Kazvam se Maria. A ti?) — My name is Maria. And you?
A: Аз съм Иван. (Az sam Ivan.) — I am Ivan.
B: Много ми е приятно. (Mnogo mi e priyatno.) — Nice to meet you.
6. Saying goodbye
A: Довиждане! (Dovizhdane!) — Goodbye!
B: Довиждане! Приятен ден! (Dovizhdane! Priyaten den!) — Goodbye! Einen schönen Tag!
A: Благодаря, също! (Blagodarya, sashto!) — Thanks, likewise!
7. In the restaurant
A: Може ли менюто? (Mozhe li menyuto?) — Can I have the menu?
B: Разбира се, ето го. (Razbira se, eto go.) — Of course, here you are.
A: Искам салата и супа, моля. (Iskam salata i supa, molya.) — I would like a salad and a soup, please.
B: Искате ли нещо за пиене? (Iskate li neshto za piene?) — Would you like something to drink?
A: Една вода, моля. (Edna voda, molya.) — A water, please.
B: Веднага. (Vednaga.) — Right away.
8. Shopping
A: Добър ден! Търся хляб. (Dobar den! Tarsya hlyab.) — Good day! Ich suche Brot.
B: Ето, тук е пресният хляб. (Eto, tuk e presniyat hlyab.) — Here is the fresh bread.
A: Благодаря. Колко струва? (Blagodarya. Kolko struva?) — Thank you. How much does it cost?
B: Два лева. (Dva leva.) — Two leva.
A: Ето парите. (Eto parite.) — Here is the money.
B: Благодаря, довиждане! (Blagodarya, dovizhdane!) — Thanks, goodbye!
9. Asking for the time
A: Извинете, колко е часът? (Izvinete, kolko e chasat?) — Excuse me, what time is it?
B: Десет и половина. (Deset i polovina.) — Half past ten.
A: Благодаря. Имам ли време? (Blagodarya. Imam li vreme?) — Thank you. Do I still have time?
B: Да, малко. (Da, malko.) — Yes, a little.
10. Taking a taxi
A: Здравейте, свободен ли сте? (Zdraveyte, svoboden li ste?) — Hello, are you free?
B: Да, накъде? (Da, nakade?) — Yes, where to?
A: До центъра, моля. (Do tsentara, molya.) — To the center, please.
B: Добре, качвайте се. (Dobre, kachvayte se.) — Good, get in.
A: Колко ще струва приблизително? (Kolko shte struva priblizitelno?) — What does it cost approximately?
B: Около седем лева. (Okolo sedem leva.) — Approximately seven leva.
11. At the pharmacy
A: Здравейте, не се чувствам добре. (Zdraveyte, ne se chuvstvam dobre.) — Hello, I do not feel well.
B: Какво ви боли? (Kakvo vi boli?) — What hurts you?
A: Боли ме глава. (Boli me glava.) — My head hurts.
B: Имате ли температура? (Imate li temperatura?) — Do you have a fever?
A: Не, само главоболие. (Ne, samo glavobolie.) — No, only headache.
B: Ето, това помага. (Eto, tova pomaga.) — Here, this helps.
12. Asking for a phone number
A: Може ли да имам телефонния ти номер? (Mozhe li da imam telefonniya ti nomer?) — Can I have your phone number?
B: Разбира се. (Razbira se.) — Of course.
A: Благодаря. Ще ти пиша. (Blagodarya. Shte ti pisha.) — Thank you. I will write you.
B: Добре, очаквам. (Dobre, ochakvam.) — Good, I am waiting for it.
🔞 Dirty Talk, Sex & Swear Words
This section contains vulgar, sexual and offensive terms. It is intended to enable language comprehension for adults – not to actively use these words.
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🔥 Sex Dialogues & Dirty Talk
These dialogues contain consensual, sexually explicit language for adults. They serve exclusively for language comprehension – not as instructions for sexual behavior.
1. In the bedroom – soft
A: Искам те. (Iskam te.) — I want you.
B: И аз те искам. (I az te iskam.) — I want you too.
A: Толкова си красива/красив. (Tolova si krasiva/krasiv.) — You are so beautiful.
B: Целуни ме. (Tseluni me.) — Kiss me.
A: Докосни ме. (Dokosni me.) — Touch me.
B: Така ли ти харесва? (Taka li ti haresvash?) — Do you like it like this?
A: Да, много. (Da, mnogo.) — Yes, very much.
2. Hotter / more intense
A: Правиш ме луда/луд. (Pravish me luda/lud.) — You drive me crazy.
B: Искам те в мен. (Iskam te v men.) — I want you inside me.
A: Още. (Oshte.) — More.
B: По-бързо? (Po-barzo?) — Faster?
A: Да, по-силно. (Da, po-silno.) — Yes, harder.
B: Толкова добре. (Tolova dobre.) — So good.
A: Идвам. (Idvam.) — I am coming.
3. Bitten & Anleiten
A: Спри за малко. (Spri za malko.) — Wait a moment.
B: По-бавно? (Po-bavno?) — Slower?
A: Да, моля. (Da, molya.) — Yes, please.
B: Кажи ми какво искаш. (Kazhi mi kakvo iskash.) — Tell me what you want.
A: Не спирай. (Ne spiray.) — Do not stop.
B: Харесва ли ти? (Haresvash li?) — Do you like it?
A: Да, обичам го. (Da, obicham go.) — Yes, I love it.
4. After sex
A: Това беше невероятно. (Tova beshe neveroyatno.) — Das war unglaublich.
B: И за мен. (I za men.) — For me too.
A: Искам да спя в прегръдките ти. (Iskam da spya v pregrudkite ti.) — I want to sleep in your arms.
B: Ела тук. (Ela tuk.) — Come here.
5. Direct & hard
A: Искам да те еба. (Iskam da te eba.) — I want to fuck you.
B: Да, еби ме. (Da, ebi me.) — Yes, fuck me.
A: По-силно? (Po-silno?) — Harder?
B: Да, чукай ме по-силно. (Da, chukay me po-silno.) — Yes, fuck me harder.
A: Толкова си мокра. (Tolova si mokra.) — You are so wet.
B: А ти си твърд. (A ti si tvyurd.) — And you are so hard.
A: Обичам да те чукам. (Obicham da te chukam.) — I love fucking you.
B: И аз да те усещам в мен. (I az da te usestam v men.) — And feeling you inside me.
6. Oral sex
A: Лапни ме. (Lapni me.) — Suck me.
B: Искаш ли свирка? (Iskash li svyrka?) — Do you want a blowjob?
A: Да, направи ми свирка. (Da, napravi mi svyrka.) — Yes, give me a blowjob.
B: Харесва ли ти? (Haresvash li?) — Do you like it?
A: Още малко и ще свърша. (Oshte malko i shte svarsha.) — A little more and I come.
B: Свърши в устата ми. (Svarshi v ustata mi.) — Come in my mouth.
7. Harsher commands & wishes
A: Завърти се. (Zavurrti se.) — Turn around.
B: Така ли? (Taka li?) — Like this?
A: Да, сега ще те еба отзад. (Da, sega shte te eba otzad.) — Yes, now I fuck you from behind.
B: По-бавно първо. (Po-bavno parvo.) — First slowly.
A: Разтвори краката. (Raztvoil krakata.) — Spread your legs.
B: По-дълбоко. (Po-dalboko.) — Deeper.
A: Ще те напълня. (Shte te napalnya.) — I will fill you.
B: Свърши в мен. (Svarshi v men.) — Come in me.
8. Orgasm & after
A: Почти свърших. (Pochti svarshih.) — I am coming soon.
B: И аз. (I az.) — Me too.
A: Къде искаш да свърша? (Kade iskash da svarsha?) — Where do you want me to come?
B: По гърдите ми. (Po gardite mi.) — On my breasts.
A: Ще те напръскам. (Shte te napraskam.) — Ich werde dich besamen.
B: Да, искам го. (Da, iskam go.) — Yes, I want it.
A: Беше страхотно. (Beshe strahotno.) — That was fantastic.
B: Пак? (Pak?) — Again?